復(fù)合碳水化合物酶對斷奶仔豬生長性能、消化率、血液組成等影響

畜牧編輯

　　2017. J. Anim. Sci. 95(9): 4060-4071
　　日糧復(fù)雜程度和復(fù)合碳水化合物酶對剛斷奶仔豬生長性能、消化率、血液組成、腸道形態(tài)和糞便評分的影響

　　B. Koo, J. W. Kim, C. F. M. de Lange, M. M. Hossain and C. M. Nyachoti

　　翻譯：朱滔  轉(zhuǎn)自：豬營養(yǎng)國際論壇CSIS
　　本試驗選用144頭21±2日齡斷奶仔豬（初始重6.70±0.81kg，公母各半），隨機分為6組，研究日糧復(fù)雜程度和復(fù)合碳水化合物酶制劑的影響。試驗為3（復(fù)雜日糧A、復(fù)雜日糧B和簡單日糧）×2（無酶制劑、0.1%復(fù)合碳水化合物酶）雙因子設(shè)計。試驗日糧為2階段，1號料飼喂時間為斷奶后d0-14，2號料為斷奶后d15-28。復(fù)雜日糧A為傳統(tǒng)意義上的斷奶料，添加有血漿、魚粉、乳清粉、脫脂奶粉；而復(fù)雜日糧B中這些原料部分或者全部被植物性原料替代；簡單日糧主要由玉米、小麥和豆粕組成。除第28天粗灰分表觀全腸道消化率和球蛋白含量外（P＜0.05），日糧復(fù)雜程度和復(fù)合碳水化合物酶之間沒有互作（P＞0.10）。斷奶后第一周，復(fù)雜日糧A組豬只日增重、采食量和肉料比顯著高于其它兩組豬只（P＜0.01）。但是整個試驗期（28d）復(fù)雜日糧A組和簡單日糧組豬只之間日增重和采食量都沒有顯著差異（P＞0.10），而復(fù)雜日糧B組日增重和采食量顯著低于復(fù)雜日糧A組（P＜0.05）。簡單日糧組全期肉料比顯著高于復(fù)雜日糧A組（P＜0.01）。

　　第14天時，簡單日糧和復(fù)雜日糧A之間干物質(zhì)、有機物、總能、粗灰分的表觀全腸道消化率沒有顯著差異（P＞0.10）。而第28天時，復(fù)雜日糧A的干物質(zhì)、有機物、中性洗滌纖維、總能和粗灰分的全腸道表觀消化率顯著高于復(fù)雜日糧B和簡單日糧組。第14天時，與復(fù)雜日糧A組相比，簡單日糧增加了血清白細(xì)胞比例（P＜0.01）。復(fù)雜日糧A組豬只回腸絨毛高度:隱窩深度顯著高于其它日糧組（P＜0.05）。與復(fù)雜日糧A相比，復(fù)雜日糧B顯著降低斷奶后3周內(nèi)的糞便評分。日糧中添加復(fù)合碳水化合物酶改善了全期肉料比、回腸絨毛高度、十二指腸絨毛高度:隱窩深度、干物質(zhì)和總能全腸道表觀消化率（P＜0.05），并降低了糞便評分（P＜0.05）。

　　總之，飼喂簡單日糧組豬只體重與復(fù)雜日糧A組相似，但是也會損傷腸道形態(tài)和第28天的養(yǎng)分消化率；同時添加復(fù)合碳水化合物酶制劑對豬只有益，無論日糧組成是簡單還是復(fù)雜。

　　Effects of diet complexity and multicarbohydrase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, intestinal morphology, and fecal score in newly weaned pigs

　　B. Koo, J. W. Kim, C. F. M. de Lange, M. M. Hossain and C. M. Nyachoti

　　To study the effects of diet complexity and multicarbohydrase (MC) supplementation, 144 piglets (6.70 ± 0.81 kg of BW) weaned at 21 ± 2 d of age (1:1 male to female ratio) were assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement based on diet complexity (complex1, complex2, and simple) and MC addition (0 vs. 0.1% of MC). Diets were provided in a 2-phase feeding program with phase I (d 1 to 14) and phase II diets (d 15 to 28). Complex1 was formulated to mimic a conventional weaner diet with blood plasma, fish meal, dried whey, and skim milk powder, whereas complex2 partially or totally replaced these ingredients with various plant-based ingredients. The simple diet primarily comprised corn, wheat, and soybean meal. No interactions were found between diet complexity and MC supplementation (P > 0.10), except for apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of ash and globulin concentration on d 28 (P < 0.05). Pigs fed the complex1 diet had greater (P < 0.01) ADG, ADFI, and G:F than those fed the other diets during the first week after weaning. However, no differences in ADG or ADFI were observed for pigs fed the complex1 and simple diets throughout the 28-d experimental period (P > 0.10), whereas the complex 2 diet led to lowerADG and ADFI compared with the complex1 diet (P < 0.05). Overall, G:F was greater for pigs fed the simple diet compared with those fed the complex1 diet(P < 0.01). Pigs fed the simple diet showed ATTD of DM, OM, GE, and ash comparable to those fed the complex1 diet on d 14 (P > 0.10). In contrast, greater ATTD of DM, OM, NDF, GE, and ash was observed (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the complex1 diet than in those fed the complex 2 diet or the simple diet on d28. The simple diet increased the lymphocyte proportion in serum compared with the complex1 diet (P < 0.01) on d 14. Pigs fed the complex1 diet had a greater (P < 0.05) ratio of villus height (VH) to crypt depth (CD) in the ileum compared with the other diets. The complex 2 diet decreased (P < 0.05) the fecal score during 3 wk of the postweaning period compared with the complex1 diet. Dietary MC supplementation increased (P < 0.05) G:F during the overall experimental period, VH in the ileum, VH:CD ratio in the duodenum,and ATTD of DM and GE but it reduced fecal score (P < 0.05). In conclusion, feeding a simple diet resulted in BW comparable to feeding the complex1 diet,but it led to inferior intestinal morphology and ATTD of nutrients on d 28. Also, MC supplementation could be beneficial regardless of diet complexity.

山中的漫游者

復(fù)雜程度高一點，代表不同程度的糖類和淀粉組成，對豬腸黏膜的發(fā)育非常有利