水質量：豬、家禽生產者的認識和管理差異（原創(chuàng)）

畜牧編輯

　　Control of water management is more settled in poultry farming compared to practices in the pig industry.

　　相對于養(yǎng)豬場而言，家禽農場對水質量管理的控制更加完善、穩(wěn)定。

　　Drinking water is an essential nutrient for animals. Indeed, when the physiological animal’s requirements are not satisfied, performances can decrease and/or diseases may appear, both having an economic impact on pig and poultry production.

　　飲水是動物的一種必需營養(yǎng)素。事實上，當動物對水的生理需求沒有得到滿足時，便會出現(xiàn)生長性能下降或疾病，對養(yǎng)豬業(yè)、養(yǎng)禽業(yè)均造成經濟損失。

　　In the field, waterline cleaning protocols seem more frequent on poultry farms than on pig farms.

　　在實際操作中，對于供水管道的清理，家禽農場比豬場執(zhí)行地更加頻繁。

　　Is it a reality? Are poultry farmers more aware of water quality than pig producers?

　　這是真的嗎？家禽農場主比養(yǎng)豬戶更注重水的質量嗎？

　　In order to update data concerning the different perceptions and practices for water management on pig and poultry farms, a study has been conducted to compare water supplies, their optimization and the different management practices for piglets in post weaning rooms and broiler chickens.

　　為了掌握豬場、禽場對水質量的認識和管理的差別最新情況，我們開展了一項調查，比較斷奶仔豬舍、肉雞舍水供應、優(yōu)化、管理實踐差異。

　　Survey of producers
　　參與調查的生產商

　　A survey was carried out on pig and poultry farms located in the West region of France. Twenty-five pig producers and 25 poultry farmers have been selected. A questionnaire was completed during an interview with farmers. The association between practices and the characteristics of the production has been analyzed with Khi-deux tests.

　　調查于法國西部地區(qū)的豬場、雞場開展。分別選擇了25個豬場和25個家禽農場。調查問卷采取面對面的交談形式。用Khi-deux法分析了水質量管理實踐與農場生產特性相關性。

　　In all the interviews, pig and poultry farmers stated that water quality is a main concern. Both bacteriological and chemical parameters are regarded as important for water quality, even if chemical analysis is less frequently performed.

　　在所有的交談中，養(yǎng)豬戶、家禽農場主表示對水質量的擔憂。細菌、化學指標都作為水質量的重要考察指標，即使化學分析并沒有被經常執(zhí)行。

　　Water mainly comes from drilling (50% for both chickens and pigs).

　　Sixty percent of pig farmers use continuous water disinfection (chlorination) whereas 80% of poultry farmers perform it with different disinfectants (the remaining 20% use tap water).

　　Water is also an administration route for antibiotics, anthelmintics, vaccines and nutritional factors.

　　水供應主要來自于井水（雞場、家禽農場均為50%）。

　　60%的豬農長期使用水消毒劑（氯化），80%的家禽農場也長期使用水消毒劑，但使用的是另一種消毒劑（剩下的20%使用自來水）。

　　水還可作為抗生素、驅蟲藥、疫苗、營養(yǎng)素的給藥途徑。

　　Swine vs poultry
　　養(yǎng)豬業(yè)vs 家禽業(yè)

　　Regarding sanitary status of animals, some recurrent diseases can be linked to unadapted water quality. Digestive disorders during the post-weaning period (82%) and lameness of birds (90%) are the most frequent disorders.

　　考慮到養(yǎng)殖動物的衛(wèi)生狀況，某些復發(fā)的疾病可能與不適應的水質量有關。仔豬斷奶后消化紊亂（82%），家禽跛行（90%）是發(fā)生頻率最高的疾病。

　　For many criteria poultry farmers are more aware of water quality than pig farmers. The main differences in their practices concern the monitoring of water consumption and the water line maintenance (including cleaning measures to eliminate the biofilm).

　　多數(shù)標準家禽農場比養(yǎng)豬場更關心水的質量。兩者主要的區(qū)別是對水飲用量的監(jiān)控、供水管道的維護（包括消滅生物膜的清潔措施）。

　　No pig farmers drain water lines while 72% of poultry farmers do.

　　During the down period, all the poultry farmers set up protocols with mechanical and chemical procedures: 44% use flushing, draining, base, acid and disinfectant whereas 24 out of 25 pig farmers only clean the troughs in post-weaning rooms.

　　沒有豬場對供水管道進行排空、干燥處理，而72%的家禽農場卻這樣做了。

　　在排干期間，所有的家禽農場對供水管理執(zhí)行機械和化學的管理措施：44%使用了沖洗、排干、堿性和酸性消毒劑，然而25個調查的豬場中，有24個僅清洗了斷奶仔豬舍的飲水槽。

　　Conclusion

　　This study underlined that the control of water management is more settled in poultry farming compared to the pig industry. These different treatments and maintenance practices could help to prevent digestive disorders in weaners and thus to reduce antibiotic consumption.

　　總結
　　這項調查結果表明家禽養(yǎng)殖場對水質量的管理更加完善。這些管理、維護方面的差異可幫助預防斷奶仔豬的消化道紊亂，及降低抗生素的使用量。

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       譯者：戶啟蔚譯