有針對性的營養(yǎng)去幫助小豬腸道發(fā)育Targeted nutrition to help piglet gut develop...

zhou7550 · 發(fā)表于 2013-9-5 10:24:04

可以看出現(xiàn)在對于腸道健康認識越來越重視，特別是對于幼小動物（雛雞、乳豬斷奶仔豬等），飼料更換、斷奶應急等都可能引起腸道絨毛萎縮，從影響對飼料的消化吸收和利用，甚至引起拉稀等現(xiàn)象。
For a long time, the gut has been described as a simple organ with digestive functions such as motricity, enzyme secretion, digestion, absorption, and immunity. Research and technology have provided us with a better understanding of its functions, and today it is widely accepted that the gut has its own nervous system made up of 500 million nerve cells.
很長一段時間，腸道被描述成一個消化功能的簡單器官，比如驅(qū)動（可能是蠕動、分節(jié)運動、緊張性收縮）、內(nèi)源性酶分泌、消化、吸收和免疫力。其實通過現(xiàn)在研究和技術(shù)發(fā)展，人們已經(jīng)普遍認識到動物腸道是一個由5億神經(jīng)細胞組成的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。

Furness and others (1999) proposed that the intestine is in fact a sensory organ. The gut is able to perceive its internal environment and adapt to it autonomously without any interaction with the central nervous system. The scientific community has spoken of the ‘second brain’and ‘ gut-to-gut communication’. The gut has its own brain and autonomy.
事實上，腸道是一個感覺系統(tǒng)，腸道能夠感知腸道內(nèi)環(huán)境的變化并且自我調(diào)節(jié)的去適應它，并且不會和中樞神經(jīng)有任何互動，科學界報道它為“第二大腦”和“腸與腸交流系統(tǒng)”，腸道有自身的大腦和自治能力。
The researchers demonstrated that the sweetener increases glucose, water and sodium absorption and acts on the epithelial structure by stimulating intestinal development. Six main elements are involved in these gut effect mechanisms: 甜味劑可以增加葡萄糖、水、鈉的吸收，還可作用于上皮結(jié)構(gòu)刺激腸道發(fā)育。對腸道影響主要有六種元素。
1. Enterocytes腸細胞
These cells constitute the vast majority (98%) of those lining the villus. They are involved in nutrient absorption.

2. SGLT1載體
Short for sodium/glucose co-transporter 1. This is a specific protein located on the cell membrane of enterocytes. It absorbs dietary glucose in the intestine.

3. Enteroendocrine cells腸內(nèi)分泌細胞
These cells represent 1% of the cells lining the intestinal epithelium. They respond to changes in gut contents by releasing peptides. At least 20 different endocrine cell subpopulations have been defined. We are interested in the enteroendocrine cell, which releases the glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) hormone.

4. GLP-2胰高血糖素樣肽
Also known as glucagon-like peptide-2. This gut hormone produced by the enteroendocrine cell plays an essential role in vital processes including the control of intestinal growth, enhancement of intestinal nutrient absorption, gut motility and blood flow.
5. Sweet taste receptors甜味受體
The tongue recognises sweet tastes using a particular receptor that is expressed in lingual epithelium cells. This receptor is made of two subunits and is called T1R2+T1R3. Pancosma organised studies in cooperation with professor Dr Soraya Shirazi-Beechey at the University of Liverpool. These were the first to show that T1R2 and T1R3 are also expressed in the enteroendocrine cells of weaning piglet guts.

6. Enteric neurons腸神經(jīng)元
The enteric nervous system is a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that directly controls the gastrointestinal system. It is made up of some hundred million neurons. It can operate independently of the central nervous system.
Physiological response生理反應
Higher glucose absorption leads to an improved nutrition of the villi and the gut mucosa. The sweetener increases villi height and crypt depth. That means that the sweetener increases the intestinal absorption surface and cell renewal (see Table 1).
較高的葡糖吸收可以改善腸道絨毛和粘膜的營養(yǎng)。甜味劑可以增加腸道絨毛高度和隱窩深度，這就意味著甜味劑增加腸道吸收表面積和促進細胞更新。
Water and sodium are absorbed along with glucose. Thanks to the higher level of water absorption, using the sweetener tends to reduce diarrhoea and prevent enteric disorders.水、鈉和葡萄糖的吸收，多虧高水平的水吸收，可以降低腹瀉和減少腸道紊亂疾病發(fā)生。
來自于：http://www.allaboutfeed.net/Nutrition/Feed-Additives