第113期：寄養(yǎng)及教槽料補(bǔ)飼對(duì)全期生長(zhǎng)的影響：對(duì)弱仔有益但可能不適合壯仔

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2017. J. Anim. Sci. 95(11): 4926-4944

寄養(yǎng)及教槽料補(bǔ)飼對(duì)全期生長(zhǎng)的影響：對(duì)弱仔有益但可能不適合壯仔

A. M. S. Huting, K. Almond, I. Wellock and I. Kyriazakis

母豬繁殖力巨大進(jìn)步導(dǎo)致了產(chǎn)仔數(shù)的增加，與此同時(shí)弱仔數(shù)比例也顯著上升。控制弱仔對(duì)同一批仔豬體重差異的影響有許多管理手段。但是這些手段對(duì)正常仔豬生產(chǎn)性能的影響通常被忽略掉。本試驗(yàn)研究了不同乳仔豬組成（通過(guò)寄養(yǎng)調(diào)整）和教槽料補(bǔ)飼對(duì)仔豬（弱仔豬：體重≤1.25kg；壯仔：體重1.50-2.00kg）斷奶前行為和短期、長(zhǎng)期生長(zhǎng)性能的影響。仔豬在出生后通過(guò)寄養(yǎng)調(diào)整每胎乳豬組成，一組為均勻組（每胎仔豬要么都是弱仔豬，要么都是壯仔），一組為混合組（每胎仔豬一半為弱仔豬，一半為壯仔）。其中一半胎數(shù)補(bǔ)飼教槽料，另一半無(wú)教槽料。評(píng)估仔豬在哺乳期間和在料槽邊的行為，使用綠色染料來(lái)區(qū)別是否食用了教槽料。乳豬組成和初生重對(duì)斷奶重有互作(P < 0.001)。弱仔豬在混合組中比在均勻組中體重更輕（6.93vs. 7.37 kg），而且壯仔豬在混合組中較均勻組表現(xiàn)更好（8.93 vs. 7.96kg）。窩增重并不受乳豬組成的影響（P=0.565）。乳頭位置在第10天就對(duì)壯仔豬生長(zhǎng)性能有影響（P＜0.001），當(dāng)均勻組中壯仔豬位于中靠后的乳頭時(shí)對(duì)生長(zhǎng)性能不利。教槽料補(bǔ)飼并不能影響任何組仔豬的斷奶重（P＞0.05）。但是乳豬組成顯著影響教槽料采食量（P=0.046）和糞便顏色（P=0.022），均勻組中壯仔豬采食教槽料最多，糞便顏色最綠。此外，均勻組壯仔豬不采食教槽料的比例較低（P=0.002）。混合組和壯仔豬在斷奶時(shí)的體重優(yōu)勢(shì)維持到整個(gè)生產(chǎn)階段?？傊?，降低圈內(nèi)體重差異（均勻組）對(duì)低出生重仔豬有益，而重初生重仔豬的優(yōu)勢(shì)在整個(gè)生長(zhǎng)期都會(huì)消失。盡管均勻組中壯仔豬采食了最多的教槽料，但其生長(zhǎng)性能還是不如混合組中的壯仔豬。

What is good for small piglets might not be good for big piglets: The consequences of cross-fostering and creep feed provision on performance to slaughter

A. M. S. Huting, K. Almond, I. Wellock and I. Kyriazakis

Major improvements in sow prolificacy have resulted in larger litters but, at the same time, increased the proportion of piglets born light weight. Different management strategies aim to enhance the performance of, and limit light-weight piglet contribution to, BW variation within a batch; however, consequences on heavy-weight litter mates are often neglected. This study investigated the effects of different litter compositions, created through cross-fostering, and the provision of creep feed on preweaning behavior and short- and long-term performance of piglets born either light weight (≤1.25 kg) or heavy weight (1.50–2.00 kg). Piglets were cross-fostered at birth to create litters with only similar-sized piglets (light weight or heavy weight; UNIFORM litters) and litters with equal numbers of light-weight and heavy-weight piglets (MIXED litters); half of the litters were offered creep feed and the remaining were not. Piglet behavior during a suckling bout and at the creep feeder was assessed; a green dye was used to discern between consumers and nonconsumers of creep feed. The interaction between litter composition and birth weight (BiW) class influenced piglet BW at weaning (P< 0.001): piglets born light weight were lighter at weaning in MIXED litters than those in UNIFORM litters (6.93 vs. 7.37 kg); however, piglets born heavy weight performed considerably better in MIXED litters (8.93 vs. 7.96 kg). Total litter gain to weaning was not affected (P = 0.565) by litter composition. Teat position affected heavy-weight piglet performance by d 10 (P < 0.001), with heavy-weight piglets in UNIFORM litters being disadvantaged when suckling the middle and posterior teats. Creep feed provision did not affect BW at weaning(P > 0.05) for either BiW class. However, litter composition significantly affected daily creep feed consumption (P = 0.046) and fecal color (P = 0.022), with heavy-weight piglets in UNIFORM litters consuming the highest amount of creep feed and having the greenest feces. In addition, a lower number of heavy-weight piglets in UNIFORM litters were classified as nonconsumers (P =0.002). The weight advantage heavy-weight and light-weight piglets had at weaning when reared in MIXED and UNIFORM litters, respectively, was sustained throughout the productive period. In conclusion, reducing BW variation within litter (UNIFORM litters) was beneficial for piglets born light weight but not for piglets born heavy weight; the latter were disadvantaged up to slaughter. Although heavy-weight piglets in UNIFORM litters consumed the greatest amount of creep feed, this was not able to overcome their growth disadvantage compared with heavy-weight piglets in MIXED litters.

來(lái)源：豬營(yíng)養(yǎng)國(guó)際論壇CSIS    翻譯：朱滔