日糧料型和料槽對保育豬和育肥豬生長性能的影響

　　2015. J. Anim. Sci. 93(8):4172-4180

　　日糧料型和料槽對保育豬和育肥豬生長性能的影響

　　J. E. Nemechek, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, E. D. Fruge, E. L. Hansen, R. D. Goodband, J. M. DeRouchey, and J. C. Woodworth

　　本論文進(jìn)行三個試驗研究料槽下料口寬度和料型對保育豬（試驗一、二）和育肥豬（試驗三）生長性能的影響。試驗為2×3雙因素設(shè)計，下料口空隙寬度（窄料口和寬料口最窄時寬度為1.27和2.54厘米），3種料型為粉料、含粉顆粒料（試驗一、二含粉率為30%，試驗三含粉率為50%）、過篩顆粒料（含粉率3-10%）。試驗一選用210頭保育豬（平均初始重11.9kg），每個處理5圈，每圈7頭，試驗期21天。試驗未觀察到料槽和料型之間的互作關(guān)系。料槽口寬度對日增重、采食量和料比沒有顯著影響。飼喂粉料的豬比其它兩種料型采食量和日增重更高（P＜0.05）。飼喂過篩顆粒料的豬只飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率比其它兩種料型料肉比更低（P＜0.05）。

　　試驗二選用1005頭保育豬（初始均重14.1kg），每個處理6圈，每圈26-28頭仔豬，試驗期28天。結(jié)果表明與寬料口組相比，窄料口組豬只采食量和日增重更低（P＜0.05），飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率差異不顯著。粉料組豬只日增重較其他兩組更低（P＜0.05）。與過篩顆粒料相比，飼喂粉料和含粉顆粒料的豬只料肉比更高。

　　試驗三選用了246頭育肥豬（初始重56.8kg），每個處理5圈，每圈6-7頭，試驗期69天。窄料口組豬只采食量更低，但料肉比更好（P＜0.05），對日增重沒有影響。與過篩顆粒料相比，粉料組豬只日增重有降低的趨勢（P＜0.10），料肉比更高（P＜0.05）。含粉顆粒料豬只日增重和料肉比處于中間水平。飼喂粉料和含粉顆粒料豬只采食量比過篩顆粒料更高（P＜0.05）。總的來說，保育豬料槽下料口更寬可能增加采食量和日增重并不影響料比。對育肥豬來說，窄料槽能減少耗料量，改善料比。在所有試驗中，低含粉率的顆粒料能最大化改善飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率。

　　Effects of diet form and feeder adjustment on growth performance of nursery and finishing pigs

　　J. E. Nemechek, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, E. D. Fruge, E. L. Hansen, R. D. Goodband, J. M. DeRouchey, and J. C. Woodworth

　　ABSTRACT: Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeder adjustment and diet form on growth performance of nursery (Exp. 1 and 2) and finishing (Exp. 3) pigs. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial with the main effects of feeder adjustment and diet form. The 2 feeder adjustments were a narrow and wide feeder adjustment (minimum gap opening of 1.27 and 2.54 cm, respectively). The 3 diet forms were meal, poor-quality pellets (70% pellets and 30% fines for Exp. 1 and 2 and 50% pellets and 50% fines for Exp. 3), and screened pellets with mini -mal fines (3 to 10%). In Exp. 1, 210 pigs (initially 11.9 kg BW) were used in a 21-d trial with 7 pigs per pen and 5 pens per treatment. No feeder adjustment × diet form interactions were observed. There were no differ -ences in ADG, ADFI, or G:F due to feeder adjustment. Pigs fed the meal diet had increased ( P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI compared with pigs fed the poor-quality or screened pellets. Pigs fed meal or poor-quality pellets had decreased (P < 0.05) G:F compared with pigs fed screened pellets. In Exp. 2, 1,005 nursery pigs (initially 14.1 kg BW) were used in a 28-d trial with 26 to 28 pigs per pen and 6 pens per treatment. Pigs fed from the narrow feeder adjustment had decreased ( P <0.05) ADG and ADFI compared with pigs fed from the

　　wide adjustment with no differences in G:F. Pigs fed the meal diet had decreased (P < 0.05) ADG compared with pigs fed poor-quality or screened pellets. Pigs fed meal or poor-quality pellets had decreased (P < 0.05) G:F compared with pigs fed screened pellets. In Exp. 3, 246 pigs (initially 56.8 kg BW) were used in a 69-d trial with 5 pens per treatment and 6 or 7 pigs per pen. Overall, ADFI decreased (P < 0.05) and G:F increased (P < 0.05) for pigs fed from the narrow adjusted feeders compared with the wide adjustment with no differences in ADG. Overall, pigs fed meal diets tended to have decreased ( P < 0.10) ADG and had decreased (P < 0.05) G:F compared with pigs fed screened pellets; ADG and G:F in those fed poor-quality pellets were intermediate. Feeding meal or poor-quality pellets increased (P < 0.05) ADFI compared with pigs fed screened pellets. In conclusion, feeding nursery pigs from a wide feeder gap may increase ADG and ADFI with no negative effects on G:F. For finishing pigs, reducing feeder gap reduced feed disappearance and improved G:F. In all experiments, the greatest G:F improvements from pelleting were observed when the percentage of fines was minimized。